What term is used for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries?

What term is used for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries?

Coronary spasm, also known as variant or Printzmetal’s angina, represents a syndrome characterised by sudden chest pain due to epicardial coronary artery spasm which usually leads to transient myocardial ischemia, with chest pain and ECG changes.

What is the pain called for deficient blood delivery to the heart?

If your heart does not get enough blood, it can’t get the oxygen and nutrients it needs to work properly. This condition is called ischemia. Not getting enough blood supply to your heart muscle can lead to chest discomfort or chest pain (called angina). It also puts you at risk for a heart attack.

What causes damage to cardiac muscle if it is deprived of its normal blood supply?

A heart attack is also called a myocardial infarction (MI). It happens when one or more parts of the heart muscle don’t get enough oxygen. That occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked. If the blood and oxygen supply is cut off, muscle cells of the heart begin to suffer damage and start to die (infarct).

Does the myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries?

The coronary arteries also supply the myocardium with oxygen to allow for the contraction of the heart and thus causing circulation of the blood throughout the body. Two main coronary arteries originate from the base of the aorta as it exits the left ventricle: the left and right coronary arteries.

What is the cause of angina *?

Angina is caused by reduced blood flow to your heart muscle. Your blood carries oxygen, which your heart muscle needs to survive. When your heart muscle isn’t getting enough oxygen, it causes a condition called ischemia. The most common cause of reduced blood flow to your heart muscle is coronary artery disease (CAD).

What is refractory angina?

Refractory angina refers to long-lasting symptoms (for >3 months) due to established reversible ischaemia, which cannot be controlled by escalating medical therapy with the use of 2nd- and 3rd-line pharmacological agents, bypass grafting, or stenting.

What happens if blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced?

Insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle can lead to symptoms of chest pain (angina). If the coronary artery becomes completely blocked, it will cause a heart attack. During a heart attack, some of the heart muscle can die from a lack of oxygen.

Are cardiac muscle cells short?

Similar to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is striated and organized into sarcomeres, possessing the same banding organization as skeletal muscle (Figure 1). However, cardiac muscle fibers are shorter than skeletal muscle fibers and usually contain only one nucleus, which is located in the central region of the cell.

Which feature is shared by both cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?

Cardiac and skeletal muscle cells both contain ordered myofibrils and are striated. Cardiac muscle cells are branched and contain intercalated discs, which skeletal muscles do not have.

How do the coronary arteries receive blood?

Like all other tissues in the body, the heart muscle needs oxygen-rich blood to function. Also, oxygen-depleted blood must be carried away. The coronary arteries wrap around the outside of the heart. Small branches dive into the heart muscle to bring it blood.

How do the coronary arteries receive their blood supply?

The heart receives its own supply of blood from the coronary arteries. Two major coronary arteries branch off from the aorta near the point where the aorta and the left ventricle meet. These arteries and their branches supply all parts of the heart muscle with blood.

How common is refractory angina?

It is estimated that as many as 1,000,000 people in the United States have chronic symptomatic coronary artery disease (often referred to as refractory angina) that is recalcitrant to medical therapy and unamenable to conventional revascularization procedures.

What is silent angina?

Silent ischemia occurs when the heart temporarily doesn’t receive enough blood (and thus oxygen), but the person with the oxygen-deprivation doesn’t notice any effects. Silent ischemia is related to angina, which is a reduction of oxygen-rich blood in the heart that causes chest pain and other related symptoms.

What is only found in cardiac muscle?

However, cardiac muscle fibers are shorter than skeletal muscle fibers and usually contain only one nucleus, which is located in the central region of the cell. Cardiac muscle fibers also possess many mitochondria and myoglobin, as ATP is produced primarily through aerobic metabolism.

What does cardiac muscle look like?

Cardiac muscle tissue, like skeletal muscle tissue, looks striated or striped. The bundles are branched, like a tree, but connected at both ends. Unlike skeletal muscle tissue, the contraction of cardiac muscle tissue is usually not under conscious control, so it is called involuntary.

Myocardial ischemia can lead to serious complications, including: Heart attack. If a coronary artery becomes completely blocked, the lack of blood and oxygen can lead to a heart attack that destroys part of the heart muscle. The damage can be serious and sometimes fatal.